随著越来越多签证申请获得批准，许多区域中心项目都前进到了资金部署阶段，并开始将投资者资金转变为全职工作岗位。大多数投资者都非常关心这个过程，因为项目必须在这个关键时刻达到成功，方能支持投资者在最终的I-829（去除绿卡条件）申请阶段获得成功。1投资者的典型路径外国投资者的必经流程通常是先和国内中介沟通，参加移民讲座或说明会，了解各个区域中心项目，最终将资金投入他们所选择的项目。在实际将投资和项目绑定之前，投资者会逐步缩小选择范围、审慎评估每个候选EB-5项目的商业及财务风险。在整趟EB-5旅程结束以前，优良中介会负责将投资相关信息提供给投资者，向他们解释流程中的各个重要时机，以帮助他们达成投资移民目标。 在提交所有包含在I-526申请中的移民文案之后，合格的投资者将会顺利收到批准通知。倘若不受到排期倒退影响，他们便可以接著取得为期两年的有条件永久居留身分。那么接下来呢？投资者在这两年的有条件居留期间究竟该做些什么？这是在I-526申请批准后常出现的问题。本文讨论了一些投资者可以善加运用的区域中心项目监督方法。2项目概观 倘若投资者选择的项目涉及生地开发和建设，项目可能会经历一段拟定设计和计划的过程。在实际于地产上动土之前，开发商必须先取得各式各样的审查批准。举例来说，项目工地有可能受到历史文物保护单位的管辖，且必须获得该州环境水源委员会的批准。这个过程只会涉及当地管理单位，而非联邦或国家政府单位。中介可以帮助投资者熟悉大致的流程和时间表。对于大型项目而言，这个流程应该要在I-829申请准备阶段的很久以前就完成。 投资者也应该要监控自己的EB-5投资，确保项目遵循法条8 CFR 204.6(j)的规范将资金用于创造就业岗位。投资者若能在这个资金部署阶段谨慎跟踪资金，便能在I-829阶段来临前为自己预留解决任何潜在问题的时间。 一旦正式动土，建设工程即会迅速开展，但也可能被以下因素耽搁：供应商的延迟、劳动力短缺、环境问题、工地违规等等。开发商应当在建设时间表中针对这些耽搁加以说明。EB-5法规对于和I-829申请息息相关的2年创造就业期限并没有精准定义，其中一个子句允许“合理时间范围”内的就业创造证明。目前这个议题尚待争论，但保守来说，投资者应可获得几个月的延长馀地。倘若初期有显著耽搁，建设工程可以通过加时工作和轮班制度来加快速度。在每个重要里程碑阶段，投资者可以将实际进展相片与之前发布的工程时间表相比较，以便判定项目的施工速度。另外，超过预定建设时间表的耽搁也会导致成本提高，并可能影响到业务开张后的营运资金数额。 在建筑完成之后，项目还需要通过本地的占用证书(CO)审查，以及任何对项目有司法管辖权的卫生、安全或其他管理机构的审查。一旦项目得到最终占用证书，就代表建设已经确定完成，而建设阶段会有的种种风险也随之一扫而空。知道这个里程碑的时间跨距是非常重要的，因为其他融资和责任可以在这期间触发。 拍摄相片是用来向投资者报告更新进度的最常见方式，而有些项目管理者还会使用文字报告详细描述每段时间的活动和成果。一般而言，投资者可以从总承包商、开发商或其他中间人那里取得以每个季度为间距拍下的工地相片。通过这些相片，投资者可以评估项目进度以及开发所在阶段。请注意，天气状况、劳动力可用性、材料费用浮动等等考量都有可能无预警地造成建设速度减缓或加快。投资者通常会在项目建设开始之前得到签证或转换身分，除非建设在他/她收到I-526批准之前就预先开始。倘若是后者情形，投资者必须关切或至少知道负责人是否有如期拍摄并妥善保管这些相片。因为尽管案例数量并不多，曾经有投资者在领事馆签证面试当中被官员要求提供和项目进程相关的附加信息。 在项目完工之后，投资者应将项目营运情形列为额外注意事项。常见的有限合伙借贷模式只会依据备忘录条款来提供营运中项目的相关信息。投资者不应期待收到和每日出售情形、占用率数字、花费等细节相关的营运财务报表，但应该要求从有限合伙那里收到年度或季度的投资状况更新报告。这些报告会包含投资者在缴纳联邦退税申请时需要附上的信息，比如前一年的投资获利及损失数据。在以5年为平均期限的投资过程中，投资者应有数次机会可以检验并评估投资被使用的情形。3监控就业岗位创造直接就业投资者需要关注项目创造直接就业岗位的情形，如果投资者获批的I-526申请内包含了这类岗位。投资者需要查阅发行文件，以确定自己在监控直接就业创造方面的权利范围。以年度作为基准，每位有薪职员都会领取到一份由雇主发出的联邦税W2文件。这份税务文件会向美国政府证明该职员在过去一年内担任企业的正职员工。利润目标与上述相似的考量也会反映在项目利润目标上，因为它和间接就业创造和返还EB-5投资者资金的能力都有关连。样本经济分析会将利润目标做为周边社区经济预期影响的基础。配合一些基于产业类型的特定乘数，这将会计算出项目利润所创造的间接和衍生就业岗位。倘若EB-5投资者的就业创造是依赖利润目标，那么就算项目建设成功、准时开张且提供所有计划中的服务，一旦利润不如预期，投资者就可能会在去除条件申请阶段发现自己的就业创造有短少情形。4原文转载Post I-526 Investor Relations: What Are They? As the recent growth in approvals has worked its way through visa processing, many projects are moving into the deployment phase and turning investor funds into full-time jobs. The investor has a strong interest in this process as success at this juncture drives the ultimate success of his or her I-829 petition (removal of conditions). Typical Investor Pathway A common route for foreign investors is to meet overseas agent, attend a seminar or program for residency in foreign country, learn of projects, and make an investment into the project they selected. The investor must narrow down the investment choices, evaluate the business and financial risk of each, and eventually place his or her investment. Throughout the entire journey, the agent should be responsible for providing information on the investment and timing of various processes in order to help investors meet their goals. After filing the appropriate immigration documents included in their I-526 petition, investors will receive approvals and can carry on obtaining their 2-year conditional permanent residency. One of questions that would emerge post I-526 approval is, what should investors do during this 2-year conditional period? This article discusses some of the regional center project monitoring methods to be taken by investors. Project Outline If the project involves developing and constructing raw land, there may be a period for design and plans to be drawn. There are a variety of regulatory approvals the developer must obtain prior to moving dirt on the property. For example, a site may fall under the jurisdiction of a historical building and needs the approval from the state’s environmental and water board. These are all local regulatory agencies and do not consider the involvement of any federal or national governing agencies. The agents can help investors familiarize themselves with the general procedures and timelines. For larger projects, the timeline should be completed well in advance of I-829 preparation. The investor will also want to monitor the EB-5 investment and ensure that it is utilized toward job creation in the US pursuant to 8 CFR 204.6(j). Following the funds at this deployment stage will allow time to resolve any potential problems at I-829 stage. Once a ground breaking occurs, construction happens rapidly, but may be delayed during construction due to any number of factors: supplier delay, labor shortage, environmental issue, work site violations, etc. All of these delays should be accounted for by the developer in the construction timeline. The EB-5 regulation is not precise when it defines the 2 year window for I-829 filing. There is a clause allowing for “reasonable time.” This has been subject to much debate, but conservatively, investors can expect a few month of leeway with longer periods if the project involves long-term stages. If early delays are significant, construction can speed up towards the end by working overtime and multiple shifts. At every substantial milestone, the investor can compare actual photo progress with the previously distributed construction timeline to determine a project's pace. In addition, delays beyond the scheduled construction timeline will also lead to cost increases potentially leaving less money for working capital after opening. Upon building completion, there will be a local inspection for certificate of occupancy as well as any health, safety or other regulatory bodies that may have jurisdiction over this particular project. The receipt of this final occupancy certificate is a reliable indicator that construction is complete and this period of risk is over. It is important to know what the timeframe is for this milestone because it allows other funding and responsibilities to trigger. Photos are the most common method of updating the investors. Some project managers will also utilize a written report which details the week's events and accomplishments. The use of real-time web cameras is also becoming more popular to allow others to view construction progress 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Typically, weekly or bi-weekly photos are taken on site and available for distribution. Investors would obtain photos from the general contractor, developer or some other intermediary. Photos are not commonly mentioned in offering documents, but can be included under notice sections. From these photos, the investor can gauge progress and be aware of what stage development is in. Be aware that weather conditions, labor availability, materials pricing and other concerns may slow down or speed up construction without any predictability. An investor will typically receive his visa prior to construction beginning unless construction began prior to his or her individual I-526 approval. While this type of information is largely outside the purview of the consulate officer interview, there have been cases when an officer requests additional information. Therefore, it is important for the investor to know or at least be aware that photographs are being taken and stored in an easily accessible manner. After completion, the operation of the project will be an additional source of management concern, but only so far as the note is concerned. The typical Limited Partnership lending structure will only provide information on the operational project as far as the note is permitted. Investors should not expect any detailed operating financials pertaining to daily sales, occupancy figures, expenses, etc. Investors should expect reporting from the Limited Partnership on an annual or quarterly basis updating them on the status of the investment. These reports would include information needed for filing federal tax returns such as profit and loss for the year. Over the life of an average 5-year note, this provides the investor with multiple opportunities to examine and evaluate how the investment is proceeding. Monitoring Job Creation Direct Jobs The creation of direct jobs should certainly be of concern for the investor if they are required per the approved I-526. Refer to your offering documents to ascertain precisely the scope of what your rights are for monitoring direct job creation. On an annual basis, each salaried employee will receive a federal tax document called a W2. This statement warrants to the United States government that a particular employee was a full-time employee during the previous year. Revenue Targets A similar concern exists for revenue targets as it relates to indirect job creation as well as ability to repay EB-5 holders. A prototypical economic analysis will use revenue targets as the foundation for the projected economic impact in the surrounding community. Taken with the industry-specific multipliers, this produces a numerical estimation of indirect and induced job creation. While a project may be successfully constructed, opened on time, and provide all anticipated services, if the EB-5 investor is relying on revenue targets, he or she may be found wanting at the removal of conditions stage. *** The agents should assist investors to carefully read the offering documents and understand what monitoring and recourse is available if a project is failing to meet revenue targets after the first year. Many projects may face increased competition, poor weather, or other extraneous factors that limit growth. Overall, the marketplace for the EB-5 program continues to remain quite strong and investors should educate themselves on various factors that ultimately affect their final petition.
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