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Anzac Day的前世今生

让人动容的节日!

2015/04/25

明天是澳大利亚和新西兰的公众假日——澳新军团日，也就是Anzac Day 。这几天小伙伴们在猫本市区可能看到很多Fund raisers背着一个小盒子，装着很多小红花；还有超市开始售卖Anzac Biscuits。Anzac Day当天会举行声势浩大的军队游行和纪念活动。各位烤鸭小伙伴们对这个纪念日了解多少？这个纪念日对澳洲人来说究竟有多重要？且听无忧小雅哥今日话题——Anzac Day。

nzac Day – 25 April – is one of Australia’s most important national occasions. It marks the anniversary of the first major military action fought by Australian and New Zealand forces during the First World War. Anzac Day goes beyond the anniversary of the landing on Gallipoli in 1915. It is the day on which we remember Australians who served and died in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations. The spirit of Anzac, with its human qualities of courage, mateship, and sacrifice, continues to have meaning and relevance for our sense of national identity.

澳新军团日是澳大利亚和新西兰每年最重要的节日之一，为了纪念一战期间，1915年4月25日的Gallipoli Peninsula (加利波利半岛，土耳其欧洲部分南段的搬到) 登陆战役中逝去的澳新军团战士。

ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The soldiers in those forces quickly became known as Anzacs, and the pride they took in that name endures to this day.

具体来说，ANZAC是澳新军团的简称。当时的澳新军团士兵全是年轻力壮的志愿者，隶属于英国军队。

hen war broke out in 1914 Australia had been a federated nation for only 13 years, and the new federal government was eager to establish its reputation among the nations of the world. When Britain declared war in August 1914 Australia was automatically placed on the side of the Commonwealth. In 1915 Australian and New Zealand soldiers formed part of the expedition that set out to capture the Gallipoli peninsula in order to open the Dardanelles to the allied navies. The ultimate objective was to capture Constantinople (now Istanbul), the capital of the Ottoman Empire, and an ally of Germany.

1915年澳新军团组成远征队向Gallipoli进发，并准备拿下Gallipoli peninsula的控制权后为同盟海军开辟Dardanelles (达达尼尔海峡) 的通道。最终目标是夺下君士坦丁堡（现称伊斯坦布尔）。因为当时的土耳其与德国亲好。

The Australian and New Zealand forces landed on Gallipoli on 25 April, meeting fierce resistance from the Ottoman Turkish defenders. What had been planned as a bold stroke to knock Turkey out of the war quickly became a stalemate, and the campaign dragged on for eight months. At the end of 1915 the allied forces were evacuated from the peninsula, with both sides having suffered heavy casualties and endured great hardships. More than 8,000 Australian soldiers had been killed. The Gallipoli campaign had a profound impact on Australians at home, and 25 April soon became the day on which Australians remembered the sacrifice of those who died in the war.

登陆后澳新军团遭遇土耳其军队的激烈抵抗。双方伤亡严重，僵持将近8个月。最终澳新军团被迫撤离。归国后澳新军团的士兵收到了民众的热烈欢迎，并在1916年4月25日举行第一次纪念活动。今天的纪念活动内容是1927年确定的，包括dawn vigils, marches, memorial services, reunions, two-up games (澳新军团士兵在前线的娱乐活动) 。

澳大利亚最后一位参加过加利波利半岛半岛战役的老兵，Alec Campbell先生于2002年5月逝世，享年103岁。近年的Anzac March参与队伍不断扩大，从退伍老兵扩大到社会团体，一些移民社团的退役老兵团体也加入了游行的队伍，比如韩国退伍老兵的澳大利亚分布。

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还有部分为退伍老兵争取权益的社会组织也加入到游行的队伍。

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小伙伴们如果在Anzac Day去皇家植物园旁的纪念堂（Shrine of Memorandum），会看到很多人向纪念堂敬献小朵的红花。这种花有非常迷人的中文名字，叫虞美人花。英文原名是Poppy，纪念一战中牺牲的英联邦国家战士（英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰士兵）。

在英国和加拿大，每年11月11日的国殇日 (Remembrance Day)，民众会自发佩戴Remembrance Poppy。Poppy第一次出现在加拿大医生Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae为纪念他的战友而出版的诗集In Flanders Fields中，因为诗集中描述的the red poppies grew over the graves of fallen soldiers场景，poppy便成为了很多西方国家纪念一战二战的象征。