什么?听不懂中文? 來個英文版的吧! Summary of MedeaGreek audiences would have known thestory of the ill-fated marriage between Jason,hero of the Golden Fleece, and Medea,barbarian witch and princess of Colchis. The modern reader, to fully understandthe events of Medea, needs to be familiar with the legends and myths on whichthe play is based. Medea was of a people at the far edgeof the Black Sea; for the Greeks of Euripides'time, this was the edge of the known world. She was a powerful sorceress,princess of Colchis, and a granddaughter of the sun god Helias. Jason, a greatGreek hero and captain of the Argonauts, led his crew to Colchis in search ofthe Golden Fleece. King Aeetes, lord of Colchis and Medea's father, kept theFleece under guard. A sorcerer himself, he was a formidable opponent. Thislegend takes place quite early in the chronology of Greek myth. The story isset after the ascent of Zeus, King of the gods, but is still near the beginningof his reign; Helias, the ancient sun god before Apollo's coming, is Medea'sgrandfather. Jason's voyage with the Argonauts predates the Trojan War, andrepresents the first naval assault by the Greeks against an Eastern people. The traps set by Aeetes made the GoldenFleece all but impossible to obtain. By Medea's aid, Jason overcame theseobstacles, and Medea herself killed the giant serpent that guarded the Fleece.Then, to buy time during their escape, Medea killed her own brother and tossedthe pieces of his corpse behind the Argo as they sailed for Greece. Her father,grief-stricken by his son's death and his daughter's treachery, had to slow hispursuit of the Argo so he could collect the pieces of his son's body forburial. Medea and Jason returned to hishereditary kingdom of Iolcus. Jason's father had died, and his uncle Peliassat, without right, on the throne. Medea, to help Jason, convinced Pelias'daughters that she knew a way to restore the old king's youth. He would have tobe killed, cut into pieces, and then put together and restored to youth byMedea's magic. The unwitting daughters did as Medea asked, but the sorceressthen explained that she couldn't really bring Pelias back to life. Rather thanwin Jason his throne, this move forced Jason, Medea, and their children intoexile. Finally, they settled in Corinth, where Jason eventually took a newbride.The action of the play begins here,soon after Medea learns of Jason's treachery.A Nurse enters,speaking of the sorrows facing Medea's family. She is joined by the Tutor andthe children; they discuss Jason's betrayal of Medea. The Nurse fears foreveryone's safety: she knows the violence of Medea's heart. The Tutor bringsthe children back into the house. The Chorus of Corinthian women enters, fullof sympathy for Medea. They ask the Nurse to bring Medea out so that they mightcomfort her; the unfortunate woman's cries can be heard even outside the house.The Nurse complies. Medea emerges from her home, bewailing the harshness withwhich Fate handles women. She announces her intention to seek revenge. She asksthe Chorus, as follow women, to aid her by keeping silent. The Chorus vows. Creon (notto be confused with the Creon of Sophocles' Theban cycle), king of Corinth andJason's new father-in-law, enters and tells Medea that she is banished. She andher children must leave Corinth immediately. Medea begs for mercy, and she isgranted a reprieve of one day. The old king leaves, and Medea tells the Chorusthat one day is all she needs to get her revenge. Jason enters, condescending and smug.He scolds Medea for her loose tongue, telling her that her exile is her ownfault. Husband and wife bicker bitterly, Medea accusing Jason of cowardice,reminding him of all that she has done for him, and condemning him for hisfaithlessness. Jason rationalizes all of his actions, with neatly enumeratedarguments. Although he seems to have convinced himself, to most audiencemembers Jason comes off as smug and spineless. He offers Medea money and aid inher exile, but she proudly refuses. Jason exits.Aegeus,king of Athens and old friend of Medea's, enters. Aegeus is childless. Medeatells him of her problems, and asks for safe haven in Athens. She offers tohelp him to have a child; she has thorough knowledge of drugs and medicines.Aegeus eagerly agrees. If Medea can reach Athens, he will protect her. Medeamakes the old king vow by all the gods. With her security certain, Medea tellsthe Chorus of her plans. She will kill Jason's new bride and father-in-law bythe aid of poisoned gifts. To make her revenge complete, she will kill herchildren to wound Jason and to protect them from counter-revenge by Creon'sallies and friends. Many scholars now believe that the murder of Medea'schildren was Euripides' addition to the myth; in older versions, the childrenwere killed by Creon's friends in revenge for the death of the king andprincess. The Chorus begs Medea to reconsider these plans, but Medea insiststhat her revenge must be complete.Jason enters again, and Medea adapts aconciliatory tone. She begs him to allow the children to stay in Corinth. Shealso has the children bring gifts to the Corinthian princess. Jason is pleasedby this change of heart.The Tutor soon returns with thechildren, telling Medea that the gifts have been received. Medea then waitsanxiously for news from the palace. She speaks lovingly to her children, in ascene that is both moving and chilling, even as she steels herself so that shecan kill them. She has a moment of hesitation, but she overcomes it. There isno room for compromise.A messenger comes bringing the awaitednews. The poisoned dress and diadem have worked: the princess is dead. WhenCreon saw his daughter's corpse, he embraced her body. The poison then workedagainst him. The deaths were brutal and terrifying. Both daughter and fatherdied in excruciating pain, and the bodies were barely recognizable.Medea now prepares to kill herchildren. She rushes into the house with a shriek. We hear the children'sscreams from inside the house; the Chorus considers interfering, but in the enddoes nothing.Jason re-enters with soldiers. He fearsfor the children's safety, because he knows Creon's friends will seek revenge;he has come to take the children under guard. The Chorus sorrowfully informsJason that his children are dead. Jason now orders his guards to break thedoors down, so that he can take his revenge against his wife for theseatrocities.Medea appears above the palace, in achariot drawn by dragons. She has the children's corpses with her. She mocksJason pitilessly, foretelling an embarrassing death for him; she also refusesto give him the bodies. Jason bickers with his wife one last time, each blamingthe other for what has happened. There is nothing Jason can do; with the aid ofher chariot, Medea will escape to Athens. The Chorus closes the play, musing onthe terrible unpredictability of fate.
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Quotes in Medeap. 52 She hates her children and takes no pleasure in seeing them. My fear is she may hatch some unheard-of scheme. She is no ordinary woman; no one making an enemy of her will win an easy victory, take it from me. (Revenge)p. 56 Of all creatures that have life and reason we women are the most miserable of specimens! (Women in society)p. 57 Women are timid creatures for the most part, cowards when it comes to fighting and at the sight of steel; but wrong a woman in love and nothing on earth has a heart more murderous. (Nature)p. 59 A woman who is hot-tempered, and likewise a man, is easier to guard against than one who is clever and controls her tongue. (Medea’s nature)p. 62 This is only one of numerous times I have observed how incurable an evil is a surly temper.p. 64 O Zeus, why is it you have given men clear ways of testing whether gold is counterfeit (fake) but, when it comes to men, the body carries no stamp of nature for distinguishing bad from good?p. 71 I will triumph gloriously over my enemies!p. 71 I will wreak havoc (create disaster) on all Jason’s house and then quit this land, to escape the charge of murdering my beloved children, after daring to do a deed that is abominable (terrible) indeed. You see, my friends, to suffer the mockery of my enemies is something I will not tolerate.p. 78 In bringing suffering on them to cause their father pain, why should I bring twice as much suffering on myself? No, I shall not do it. Goodbye to my plans.p. 78 Ah, stop, my heart, do not do this deed! Let them be, poor fool, spare your children! When they are there living with us they will bring you joy. No, by those vengeful spirits that dwell in Hades’ realm, it shall never be! I will not leave my children to the mockery of my enemies.p. 78 I am well aware how terrible a crime I am about to commit, but my passion is master of my reason, passion that causes the greatest suffering in the world.p. 82 This day it seems heaven has rained many blows justly on the head of Jason.p. 83 Oh, how many the troubles caused by the loves of women! How many sorrows you have brought on mankind before now!p. 84 You abomination, what woman can earn more hatred than you, from the gods, from me, from the whole human race?p. 85 you destroyed them because I chose to leave your bed. Not a woman in Greece today would ever have dared such a thing.
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