1971年，编舞家阿尔文·艾利（Alvin Ailey）创作了意在表达黑人妇女斗争的舞剧“惊魂”（ Cry ）——这是专为他团里的主要舞蹈演员朱迪丝·贾米森（Judith Jamison）量身打造的舞剧。贾米森在美国国内和国外演出过“惊魂”。后来她成了阿尔文·艾利美国舞蹈剧院艺术总监，兼任费城艺术大学特聘教授。

In 1971, choreographer Alvin Ailey created Cry — a piece meant to express the struggle of black women — expressly for Judith Jamison, a statuesque dancer in his company. Jamison performed Cry in the United States and abroad. She later became the artistic director of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater as well as a distinguished professor at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia.