(AP)
#美国百老汇#—百老汇历史: 20世纪60年代至今。
在百老汇的黄金时代过后，新的音乐剧以及20世纪60年代和70年代来此的导演和编舞家帮助将百老汇变成了今天的样子。伴随摇滚乐、民权运动和越南时代而来的美国文化变革帮助引入了新的人才和新的想法。
《西区故事》（West Side Story）的灵感来自威廉·莎士比亚的戏剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，最初于1957年在百老汇上演，由莱昂纳德·伯恩斯坦作曲，斯蒂芬·桑德海姆作词，杰罗姆·罗宾斯构思和编舞。该剧阴郁的主题、富有深度的音乐、舞蹈以及对社会问题的关注标志着美国音乐剧的转折点。
然而，20世纪70年代百老汇最具影响力的重磅之作要数《歌舞线上》（A Chorus Line），有人认为该剧完全改变了百老汇的音乐剧。
20世纪80年代和90年代的另一个变化是：最初在伦敦西区上演的作品开始在纽约俘获百老汇的舞台—这些音乐剧包括《猫》（Cats）、《悲惨世界》（Les Miserable）、《歌剧魅影》（The Phantom of the Opera）和《西贡小姐》（Miss Saigon）等等。
艾滋病危机对百老汇也产生了深远的影响，它让一些极具才华的年轻艺术家早早离世，同时也让新的剧作家、作曲家和导演通过如《吉屋出租》（RENT）等剧目探索后艾滋病世界中的男同性恋者、女同性恋者、双性恋者、跨性别者与双性人（LGBTI）身份。
音乐剧是如何发生转变，帮助探索文化问题并提供娱乐体验的？
更多了解百老汇的历史，请见（英文）：http://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/about/
#AmericanBroadway# - Broadway History 1960s to Present
After Broadway’s Golden Age, new musicals, directors and choreographers who came in the 1960’s and 1970’s helped to transform Broadway into what it has become today. American’s own cultural changes with Rock’n’roll, the civil rights movement and the Vietnam era helped usher in new talent and new ideas.
West Side Story, inspired by William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, was originally produced on Broadway in 1957, with music from Leonard Bernstein, lyrics from Stephen Sondheim and concept & choreography from Jerome Robbins. Its dark themes and sophisticated music, dancing and focus on social problems marked a turning point in American musical theater.
However, the biggest Broadway blockbuster of 1970’s was A Chorus Line, which some argue totally changed musical theater in Broadway.
Another change in the 1980s and 1990s, were productions originally staged in London’s West End began to capture Broadway stages in New York – musicals such as Cats, Les Miserable, The Phantom of the Opera and Miss Saigon.
The AIDS crisis had a profound effect on Broadway too, ending the lives of talented young artists while ushering in new playwrights, composers and directors to explore LGBTI identity in the post AIDS-world, through productions such as RENT.
How have musicals transformed to help explore cultural issues as well as entertain?
To learn more about Broadway’s history, see (eng): http://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/about/
