（以下信息由新城国际移民教育集团原创，转载请注明出处。主要依据移民法规和澳洲政府发布的信息，并在此基础上作出的归纳和分析。由于目前发布的信息仍不全面，因此本文内容仅用作政策分析参考，不保证当前版本的答案正确，亦不能做为申请签证的法律依据，新城也不承担任何法律责任。我们会在新的信息发布的基础上，不断更新内容和增加问题，在新城国际公众平台上陆续推出新的版本。）
问：澳洲政府为什么要废除457签证？
答：这次457签证改革以及涉及到的186、187等类别的改革，都围绕着一个主题：Australia First (澳洲第一)。具体来说，就是Australiansmust have priority for Australian jobs (澳洲的工作，澳洲人优先做)。通过用全新的TSS签证替代457，澳洲政府将大幅限制外国人赴澳工作，并限制用457签证作为跳板获得澳洲永居。
问：457签证已经不能申请了吗？
答：不是。这次的改革从4月19日起开始实施，但并不是一步到位废除掉457这个类别。直到2018年3月，457签证仍然可以申请。但是，457签证的相关申请要求已经发生了重大变化。特别是457转永居相关政策发生了巨大变化。
问：此次改革对正准备申请457的人以及正在审理中457有什么影响？
答：有重大的影响。而且，不但影响打算要递交457签证申请的人，还严重影响那些已经递交但在4月19前还没有获得结果的457申请。包括：
1. 有216种职业已经无法申请457。这些职业包括进出口经理、市场研究分析师、翻译、旅行社经理等。（附件1：移除职业清单RemovalList）。已经递交的申请如果提名职业在移除职业清单上（Removed list），申请将不会继续审理，移民局退还申请费给申请者。
2. 有24类职业被限制申请。这些职业只能在澳洲偏远地区申请。主要包括和农业畜牧业有关的职业。
3. 共有59类职业只能在满足附加说明（Caveat）的额外条件下申请。这些职业涉及多个雇主担保申请热门职业，包括：厨师、餐馆咖啡店经理、会计、市场营销专家、销售及市场经理、平面设计师、按摩师、总经理、财务经理、大学讲师等。如果提名职业属于Caveat职业，需要查看是否满足Caveat.已经递交的457申请，如果不满足Caveat的要求，申请也不会成功。我们附在后面所有（附件2：附加条件职业列表CaveatList）
问：如果我的457申请在4月18日后批出，以后还可以转永居吗？
答：在4月18日后批出的457，如果提名职业在STSOL（相当于CSOL，见附件4）上，签证长度只有2年，并且无法转永居，（可续一次两年的457）。如果提名职业在MLTSSL（相当于SOL，见附件3）清单上，签证长度可达4年，工作3年后可以转永居
问：会计、餐馆经理、厨师、市场营销专家、市场销售经理等职业还能申请457吗？
答：还可以，但是这些职业增加了额外要求。以下是几个常见职业的额外要求列表(一共有59个)：
提名职业代码 | 提名职业 | 以下任何情况不可申请 |
221111 | 会计 Accountant | a) 文员类、记帐员和会计文员职位 b) 担保公司的年营业额低于100万澳元 c) 担保公司员工少于5个
|
141111 | 咖啡店餐馆经理 Cafe or Restaurant Manager | a) 快餐或者外带店 b) Fast casual restaurants c) 只提供少量餐饮的酒吧 d) coffee shops或者Mall里的咖啡店 e） 有限服务的Pizza店 |
351411 | 厨师 Cooks | a) 快餐或者外带店 b) Fast casual restaurants c) 只提供少量餐饮的酒吧 d) coffee shops或者Mall里的咖啡店 e） 有限服务的Pizza店 |
225113 | 市场专员 Marketing Specialist | a) 零售店 b) 担保公司的年营业额低于1百万澳币 c) 申请者的年薪低于6万5 d) 定期性与客户直接交易互动的职位
|
131112 | 销售和市场经理 Sales and Marketing Manager | a) 零售店 b) 公司的年营业额低于1百万澳币 c) 申请者的年薪低于6万5 d) 定期性与客户直接交易互动的职位
|
232411 | 平面设计师 Graphic Designer | 少于两年工作经验要求的职位 |
111111&111211 | 总经理 Chief Executive or Managing Director & Corporate General Manager | a) 担保公司的年营业额低于1百万澳币
b) 担保公司员工少于5个
c) 申请者的年薪低于8万
|
132211 | 财务经理 Finance Manager | 少于两年工作经验要求的职位 |
242111 | 大学讲师 University Lecturer | 少于两年工作经验要求的职位 |
问：目前已经持有457的申请人转永居受影响吗？
答：从目前政府发布的信息看，在4月19日前已经持有457签证的申请人在明年3月前转永居不受此次政策变化影响。但相关细节仍需确认。
问：从2017年7月1日起，雇主担保类签证会发生什么主要变化？
答：
1. STSOL 和MLTSSL清单会更新；
2. 457 高薪豁免英语要求被取消（$96,400）;
3. 雇主担保永居申请的年龄要求变成45岁（不适用于457转永居）;
4. 雇主担保永居申请的英语要求变成 4个6分（是否也适用于457转永居待确认）
问：从2018年3月后，雇主担保类签证会发生什么重大变化？
答：457签证被正式废除。新的TSS 签证开始实施。TSS包括两种，一种是短期类，只有2年签证，不能转永居，适用STSOL清单（相当于目前的CSOL）上的职业；另一种是中期类，4年签证，可转永居，适用于MLTSSL清单(相当于目前的SOL)上的职业。
能转永居的中期TSS类别适用的职业清单与独立技术移民的职业清单一致，均为MLTSSL。TSS中期类英语要求提高到4个5分雅思（目前是457是要求总分5），并且无法豁免.另外一个重大调整是要求至少两年相关工作经验才能申请。
ENS(雇主担保永居类)和REMS（偏远地区雇主担保永居类）从明年3月开始的重大变化主要包括：
１. 只有MLTSSL（相当于SOL）清单上的职业才能申请此两类雇主担保永居（偏远地区REMS有额外职业适用）（与独立技术移民类别用同一个职业清单）
２. 持TSS中期类签证工作3年后才能转永居
３. 至少三年工作经验
问：186高薪还能做吗？
答：从目前发布的信息看，2017年7月1日开始申请186和187要求英语成绩相当于雅思4个6，而且无法豁免。在7月1日前仍可递交（职业须在STSOL 或 MLTSSL上）
问：这次政策变化对留学生有什么影响？
答：从2018年3月开始，无论雇主担保临时签证还是永居签证，都要求申请人有至少两年（或三年）相关工作经验。届时，大部分的毕业生将无法申请雇主担保类签证。
问：我的提名职业在移除职业清单（Removed list）上，现在还能申请187 偏远地区雇主担保吗？
答：4月19日的关于职业清单的变化，并不影响187 申请。因此到明年3月份前，仍可以递交187申请。
问：中国与澳洲签署过自由贸易协议。中国申请人是否不受此次457政策变化影响？
答：2018年3月开始的TSS签证申请将强制实施劳动力市场测试（LMT）。中国申请人可以豁免此要求。
附件1：移除职业清单Removal List
Occupation | ANZSCO Code |
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Worker | 411511 |
Actor | 211111 |
Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers NEC | 211199 |
Aeroplane Pilot | 231111 |
Air Traffic Controller | 231112 |
Air Transport Professionals NEC | 231199 |
Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (Avionics) | 323111 |
Amusement Centre Manager | 149111 |
Antique Dealer | 142112 |
Apparel Cutter | 393211 |
Archaeologist | 272414 |
Archivist | 224211 |
Art Director (Film, Television or Stage) | 212311 |
Artistic Director | 212111 |
Auctioneer | 611111 |
Author | 212211 |
Bed and Breakfast Operator | 141911 |
Betting agency Manager | 142113 |
Biochemist | 234513 |
Biotechnologist | 234514 |
Blacksmith | 322111 |
Boarding Kennel or Cattery Operator | 149911 |
Broadcast Transmitter Operator | 399511 |
Building and Engineering Technicians NEC | 312999 |
Business Broker | 612111 |
Butcher or Smallgoods Maker | 351211 |
Call or Contact Centre Manager | 149211 |
Canvas Goods Fabricator | 393111 |
Caravan Park and Camping Ground Manager | 141211 |
Cinema or Theatre Manager | 149912 |
Clinical Coder | 599915 |
Clothing Patternmaker | 393212 |
Clothing Trades Workers NEC | 393299 |
Commissioned Defence Force Officer | 139111 |
Commissioned Fire Officer | 139112 |
Commissioned Police Officer | 139113 |
Communications Operator | 342312 |
Community Arts Worker | 272611 |
Composer | 211211 |
Conservation Officer | 234311 |
Construction Estimator | 312114 |
Conveyancer | 599111 |
Corporate Treasurer | 221212 |
Court Bailiff or Sheriff (Aus) / Court Collections Officer (NZ) | 599212 |
Deer Farmer | 121314 |
Defence Force Member - Other Ranks | 441111 |
Defence Force Senior Officer | 111212 |
Dental Hygienist | 411211 |
Dental Prosthetist | 411212 |
Dental Therapist | 411214 |
Detective | 441311 |
Director of Photography | 212313 |
Diver | 399911 |
Dog or Horse Racing Official | 452318 |
Drama Teacher (Private Tuition) | 249213 |
Dressmaker or Tailor | 393213 |
Driller | 712211 |
Driving Instructor | 451211 |
Education Reviewer | 249112 |
Electorate Officer | 224911 |
Electronic Engineering Draftsperson | 312411 |
Electronic Engineering Technician | 312412 |
Electroplater | 322112 |
Emergency Service Worker | 441211 |
Engineering Patternmaker | 323411 |
Engraver | 323311 |
Entertainer or Variety Artist | 211113 |
Environmental Health Officer | 251311 |
Exercise Physiologist | 234915 |
Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors NEC | 212399 |
Financial Institution Branch Manager | 149914 |
Fire Fighter | 441212 |
Fire Protection Equipment Technician | 399918 |
First Aid Trainer | 451815 |
Fisheries Officer | 311311 |
Flight Attendant | 451711 |
Floor Finisher | 332111 |
Flying Instructor | 231113 |
Food Technologist | 234212 |
Funeral Director | 451311 |
Funeral Workers NEC | 451399 |
Futures Trader | 222212 |
Gallery or Museum Technician | 399311 |
Gas or Petroleum Operator | 399212 |
Geophysicist | 234412 |
Goat Farmer | 121315 |
Golfer | 452412 |
Graphic Pre-press Trades Worker | 392211 |
Gunsmith | 323312 |
Helicopter Pilot | 231114 |
Historian | 272411 |
Homoeopath | 252212 |
Horse Trainer | 361112 |
Human Resource Adviser | 223111 |
Hydrogeologist | 234413 |
Hydrographer | 311415 |
ICT Support and Test Engineers NEC | 263299 |
ICT Support Technicians NEC | 313199 |
Importer or Exporter | 133311 |
Insurance Investigator | 599611 |
Insurance Risk Surveyor | 599613 |
Intellectual Property Lawyer | 271214 |
Intelligence Officer | 224411 |
Interior Decorator | 399912 |
Jockey | 452413 |
Judge | 271211 |
Kennel Hand | 361115 |
Leather Goods Maker | 393112 |
Legal Executive | 599112 |
Liaison Officer | 224912 |
Licensed Club Manager | 141411 |
Life Scientist (General) | 234511 |
Life Scientists NEC | 234599 |
Light Technician | 399513 |
Magistrate | 271212 |
Maintenance Planner | 312911 |
Marine Surveyor | 231215 |
Marine Transport Professionals NEC | 231299 |
Market Research Analyst | 225112 |
Master Fisher | 231211 |
Mechanical Engineering Draftsperson | 312511 |
Media Producer (excluding Video) | 212112 |
Metal Casting Trades Worker | 322114 |
Metal Polisher | 322115 |
Metallurgist | 234912 |
Microbiologist | 234517 |
Migration Agent (Aus) | 224913 |
Mothercraft Nurse | 411412 |
Multimedia Designer | 232413 |
Music Director | 211212 |
Music Professionals NEC | 211299 |
Musical Instrument Maker or Repairer | 399515 |
Natural and Physical Science Professionals NEC | 234999 |
Nurse Researcher | 254212 |
Nurseryperson | 362411 |
Operating Theatre Technician | 311214 |
Optical Dispenser (Aus) / Dispensing Optician (NZ) | 399913 |
Optical Mechanic | 399914 |
Other Sports Official | 452323 |
Painter (Visual Arts) | 211411 |
Park Ranger | 234314 |
Parole or Probation Officer | 411714 |
Pathology Collector (Aus) / Phlebotomist (NZ) | 311216 |
Petroleum Engineer | 233612 |
Plastics Technician | 399916 |
Plumbing Inspector | 312115 |
Police Officer | 441312 |
Policy Analyst | 224412 |
Policy and Planning Manager | 132411 |
Potter or ceramic artist | 211412 |
Prison Officer | 442111 |
Procurement Manager | 133612 |
Production Manager (Manufacturing) | 133512 |
Public Relations Manager | 131114 |
Quarantine Officer | 311313 |
Radio Journalist | 212414 |
Radio Presenter | 212113 |
Railway Station Manager | 149412 |
Regional Education Manager | 134412 |
Research and Development Manager | 132511 |
Retail Buyer | 639211 |
Retirement Village Manager | 141912 |
Safety Inspector | 312611 |
Sail Maker | 393113 |
Sales Representative (Industrial Products) | 225411 |
Sales Representative (Medical and Pharmaceutical Products) | 225412 |
Saw Maker and Repairer | 323315 |
School Laboratory Technician | 311414 |
Screen Printer | 392112 |
Sculpter | 211413 |
Senior Non-commissioned Defence Force Member | 139211 |
Shearer | 361211 |
Shoemaker | 393114 |
Singer | 211214 |
Small Offset Printer | 392312 |
Sports Administrator | 139915 |
Sports Umpire | 452322 |
Stock and Station Agent | 611112 |
Surveying or Spatial Science Technician | 312116 |
Technicians and Trades Workers NEC | 399999 |
Telecommunications Cable Jointer | 342412 |
Telecommunications Technician | 342414 |
Television Equipment Operator | 399517 |
Television Presenter | 212114 |
Training and Development Professional | 223311 |
Translator | 272413 |
Travel Agency Manager | 142116 |
Travel Attendants NEC | 451799 |
Tribunal Member | 271213 |
Turf Grower | 121218 |
Vehicle Painter | 324311 |
Vocational Education Teacher (Non-Trades) | 242211 |
Vocational Education Teacher (Trades) | 242211 |
Web Developer | 261212 |
Wholesaler | 133312 |
Wood Turner | 394214 |
Wool Buyer | 639212 |
Wool Classer | 399917 |
Workplace Relations Advisor | 223113 |
Zookeeper | 361114 |
附件2：附加条件职业列表Caveat List
Occupation | ANZSCO Code | Assessing Authority |
Accountant (General) | 221111 | CPA/CA/IPA |
Advertising Specialist | 225111 | VETASSESS |
Agricultural Technician | 311111 | VETASSESS |
Animal Attendants and Trainers nec | 361199 | VETASSESS |
Apiarist | 121311 | VETASSESS |
Aquaculture Farmer | 121111 | VETASSESS |
Baker | 351111 | TRA |
Beef Cattle Farmer | 121312 | VETASSESS |
Cafe or Restaurant Manager | 141111 | VETASSESS |
Chef | 351311 | TRA |
Chief Executive or Managing Director | 111111 | AIM |
Conference and Event Organiser | 149311 | VETASSESS |
Contract Administrator | 511111 | VETASSESS |
Cook | 351411 | TRA |
Corporate General Manager | 111211 | AIM |
Corporate Services Manager | 132111 | VETASSESS |
Coton Grower | 121211 | VETASSESS |
Crop Farmers nec | 121299 | VETASSESS |
Customer Service Manager | 149212 | VETASSESS |
Dairy Cattle Farmer | 121313 | VETASSESS |
Facilities Manager | 149913 | VETASSESS |
Finance Manager | 132211 | CPA/ICA/AIPA |
Flower Grower | 121212 | VETASSESS |
Fruit or Nut Grower | 121213 | VETASSESS |
Grain, Oilseed or Pasture Grower (Aus) / Field Crop Grower (NZ) | 121214 | VETASSESS |
Grape Grower | 121215 | VETASSESS |
Graphic Designer | 232411 | VETASSESS |
Hair or Beauty Salon Manager | 142114 | VETASSESS |
Hairdresser | 391111 | TRA |
Horse Breeder | 121316 | VETASSESS |
Hotel or Motel Manager | 141311 | VETASSESS |
ICT Project Manager | 135112 | ACS |
ICT Support Engineer | 263212 | ACS |
ICT Systems Test Engineer | 263213 | ACS |
Information and Organisation Professionals nec | 224999 | VETASSESS |
Livestock Farmer | 121399 | VETASSESS |
Management Consultant | 224711 | VETASSESS |
Marketing Specialist | 225113 | VETASSESS |
Massage Therapist | 411611 | VETASSESS |
Mechanical Engineering Technician | 312512 | TRA |
Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmer | 121411 | VETASSESS |
Mixed Crop Farmer | 121216 | VETASSESS |
Mixed Livestock Farmer | 121317 | VETASSESS |
Pastrycook | 351112 | TRA |
Pig Farmer | 121318 | VETASSESS |
Poultry Farmer | 121321 | VETASSESS |
Primary Products Inspectors nec | 311399 | VETASSESS |
Production Manager (Forestry) | 133511 | VETASSESS |
Recruitment Consultant | 223112 | VETASSESS |
Sales and Marketing Manager | 131112 | AIM |
Sheep Farmer | 121322 | VETASSESS |
Software Tester | 261314 | ACS |
Sugar Cane Grower | 121217 | VETASSESS |
Supply and Distribution Manager | 133611 | AIM |
Technical Sales Representatives nec | 225499 | VETASSESS |
Transport Company Manager | 149413 | VETASSESS |
University Lecturer (Suitable for the position of Research Associate or Research Fellow in a University) | 242111 | VETASSESS |
Vegetable Grower (Aus) / Market Gardener (NZ) | 121221 | VETASSESS |
Wine Maker | 234213 | VETASSESS |
附件3：Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List (MLTSSL)清单
附件4：Short-term Skilled Occupation List (STSOL)清单
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