(AP Photo)

(AP Photo)

#美国动漫#– 美国早期动画师与创新

本周我们来看看美国的动画与漫画史。

动画通过快速显示彼此差异极小的图像序列来制造移动的幻觉，电影的出现永远改变了动画。

在1910和1920年代的美国无声电影时代，动画师们手动绘制每个电影画面的角色和背景，然后依次拍摄图像，创作了第一批动画卡通片。一部短的卡通片会有超过10,000个单独的手绘画面。

1914年，美国动画师约翰·布雷在纽约市开办了约翰·布雷工作室，布雷的员工厄尔·赫德开发了赛璐珞技术并获得了专利，这项技术以静止图像为背景，让在透明赛璐珞胶片上拍摄的移动物体动起来。

1915年，美国动画师马克斯和戴夫·弗莱舍发明了一种动画技术，用于逐帧追踪实际动作的运动画面，这项技术后来被他们的动画工作室用于制作经典动画片贝蒂娃娃、大力水手和超人等。

美国动画师奥托·梅默创作了卡通角色费利克斯猫，它成为第一个被商品化的家喻户晓的动画片。

如果您想了解更多有关美国动画和卡通的信息，请于6月9日之前向国家漫画家协会的卡通专家发帖提问。

#AmericanAnimation&Comics – Early American Animators & Innovations 

This week we will take a look at the history of animation and comics in America.  Animation is making the illusion of motion by rapidly displaying a sequence of images that differ minimally from each other, and the advent of movies changed animation forever.  During the US silent movie era in the 1910s and 20s, animators manually drew their characters and backgrounds for each film frame, and then photographed the images in a sequence to create the first animated cartoons.  A short cartoon could have over 10,000 individual handmade drawings.  In 1914, American animator, John Bray opened the John Bray Studios in New York City, which revolutionized the way animation was created after Bray employee, Earl Hurd, developed and patented the cel technique that involves animating moving objects on transparent celluloid sheets photographed over a stationary background image.  In 1915, American animators Max and Dave Fleischer invented rotoscoping, an animation technique to trace over motion picture footage, frame by frame, of realistic action, and later used by their animation studio for animated classics such as Betty Boop, Popeye the Sailor and Superman.  American animator Otto Messmer created cartoon character Felix the Cat, which became the first cartoon to be merchandised and become a household name.  If you would like to learn more about American animation and cartoons, please post your question for a cartoon expert from the National Cartoonists Society before June 9th.