真题原文

Nurse sharks are nocturnal animals, spending the day in large inactive groups of up to 40 individuals. Hidden under submerged ledges or in crevices within the reef, the Nurse sharks seem to prefer specific resting sites and will return to them each day after the nights hunting. By night, the sharks are largely solitary. Nurse sharks spend most of their time foraging through the bottom sediments in search of food. Their diet consists primarily of crustaceans, molluscs, tunicates and other fish such as spiny lobsters, crabs, shrimps, sea urchins, octopuses, squid, marine snails and bivalves and in particularly, stingrays.

Nurse sharks are thought to take advantage of dormant fish which would otherwise be too fast for the sharks to catch, although their small mouths limit the size of prey items, the sharks have large throat cavities which are used as a sort of bellows valve. In this way, Nurse sharks are able to suck in their prey. Nurse sharks are also known to graze algae and coral.

参考答案

While nurse sharks, as a kind of nocturnal animals, are known to graze algae and coral, they stay in large inactive groups during the day under submerged ledges or in crevices within the reef, but they spend most of their nighttime foraging through bottom sediments for food, including crustaceans, mollusks, truncates and other fish, by taking the advantage of dormant fish and using large throat cavities to suck in prey.

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